Registration of ‘Jinmai 61’ Wheat

‘Jinmai61’ is ahardwhitewinterwheat (TriticumaestivumL.) (Reg. no.CV-973, PI 634021)developedby theWheatBreeding Innovation Group (WBIG) in the Cotton Research Institute of Shanxi Agri. Sci. Academy, China. Jinmai 61 was officially named and registered in 1999 by the Testing and Appraising Committee of Crop Cultivars of Shanxi Province (TACCCSP). Jinmai 61 was released because of its superior yielding ability combined with higher 1000-kernel weight (TKW), earlier maturity and combined powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Marchal) and yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformisWestend. f. sp. tritici) resistance. Jinmai 61 is targeted for production on the limited-irrigation and midfertile farm lands in the Huang-Huai Wheat Growing Region (HHWGR) in China. In the name, Jin refers to the Shanxi Province,maimeans wheat in Chinese, and 61 is the serial number of wheat cultivars registered and released by the TACCCSP. Jinmai 61 was derived as an F5 plant family from the cross ‘Yumai 13’/‘Lumai 14’ made in 1990. (The cross number is 90151.) Both parents had good agronomic and yielding characteristics and were widely planted in the HHWGR in 1980s. ‘Zheng891’ was developed by professor Lin Zuoji’s group and was registered as Yumai 13 in Henan province (Yr resistant but Pm susceptible). Zheng891 was derived from the cross ‘Bainong3217’/‘9612–2’. Bainong3217 was a selection from the cross ‘Funo’/‘Neixiang5’//‘Xiannong39’)/(‘Xinong64(4)43’/ ‘Yanda24’). Yanda24 was a selection from the cross ‘Zhengzhou6’/‘Fengchan3’. 9612–2 was a selection with unknown pedigree. ‘Yan 1604’ was developed and registered as ‘Lumai 14’ in Shandong province (Pm resistant but Yr susceptible). Yan1604 was derived from the cross ‘C149’/‘530F4’. In 1991, about 8000 F2 seeds were bulk harvested from 29 F1 plants. In 1992, about 800 plants were selected from about 6000 F2 plants for the combination of resistance to yellow rust and powdery mildew, and for maturity, height, and vigor. After the grain evaluation, 131 out of the 800 selected plants whose TKW $ 50 g were planted as the key plots. Jinmai 61 was derived from one of these F2–derived F3 plant families, after subsequent selection for yield and TKW, a combination of yellow rust and powdery mildew resistance, cold resistance, sprouting resistance, and chlorophyll content (Pan et al., 2000). Jinmai 61 was originally evaluated in a preliminary yield nursery at three Shanxi locations in 1995 under the selection serial number 90151–30–12–4S20. Jinmai 61 was officially tested as ‘YunFengZao21’ in the Southern Shanxi Performance Test Nursery on limited-irrigation lands. In 1997, Jinmai 61 yielded 6494 kg ha averaged over 11 locations, 13.2% higher than ‘Jinmai 31’ (5735 kg ha). In 1998, Jinmai 61 yielded 5279 kg ha averaged over 11 locations, 8.5% higher than Jinmai 31 (4863 kg ha). Over all 22 location–years, Jinmai 61 yielded 5886 kg ha, 11.13% higher than Jinmai 31. In the official Demonstration Trials in 1998 in both Linfen and Yuncheng, Jinmai 61 yielded 5.3% higher than Jinmai 31 when averaged over 8 locations. Jinmai 61 has pale coleoptiles with about 50% coteoptile tillers, prostrate seedlings with narrow and long dark-green leaves and smooth and pale auricles. Over 22 location–years in 1997 and 1998, the mean plant height was 80 cm, compared with 90 cm for Jinmai 31, and the mean heading date was 18 April for Jinmai 61, the mean harvesting date was 31 May for Jinmai 61, about 2.5 d earlier than Jinmai 31. Jinmai 61 has white glumes with an oblique shoulder and 2to 4-mm glume beak. The head is fully awned, middense, and oblong to clavate in shape. The kernel is vitreous and elongated with much higher height–width ratio than Jinmai 31. The crease is shallow tomiddeep. The brush is short to medium long. In 2000 through 2003 in WBIG nurseries, the mean TKW for Jinmai 61 was 48 g compared with 39, 41, and 37 g for Yumai 13, Lumai 14, and Jinmai 31, respectively. The mean grain volume weight was 800 g L compared with 780, 765, and 785 g L for Yumai 13, Lumai 14 and Jinmai 31. The mean grain protein content was 140 g kg compared with 132, 128, and 140 g kg for Yumai 13, Lumai 14, and Jinmai 31. The mean wet gluten content was 29.0% for Jinmai 61. Using AACC methods, the WBIG tests in 2002 (one location) showed that, for Jinmai 61, Zeleny sedimentation was 36 mL, stability time was 8.2 min, maximum resistance was 492 BU, extensibility was 15.2 cm. The bread-making score for Jinmai 61 was 66.5 compared with 78.5 for Xiaoyan 503. SDSPAGE results showed that Jinmai 61 has the Glu-A1a, Glu-B1b, and Glu-D1d genes, and also carries the –IB/IR translocation (Pan et al., 1998). Jinmai 61 showedequal steambread-making quality to Jinmai 31 andYumai 13, but better than Lumai 14 based on the visual evaluation. Jinmai 61 showed better resistance to yellow rust than Lumai 14, to powdery mildew than Yumai 13, over all the 30 location–years in the fields based on the observation in 1997 through 1999. The natural race composition is unknown. Artificial inoculation in 1998 in greenhouse conditions by the Shanxi Plant Protection Institute with the yellow rust races Tiaozhong 28, Tiaozhong 29, Tiaozhong 30, and Tiaozhong 31, Jinmai 61 scored 2, 3, 3, 3 respectively (1 5 resistant, 9 5 susceptible). No data is available regarding reaction of Lumai 14, Yumai 13, and Jinmai 31 to those yellow rust races. Breeder seed was developed by selection among 180 plant lines derived from 12 F8 populations (from the same plant family 90151–30–12–4S20-Yunfengzao21, but grown in different locations.) for uniformity and higher TKW. Forty-eight selected F9 plant lines were bulked to form Breeder seed for Jinmai 61. Small quantities of Breeder seed are available by request from the corresponding author. Jinmai 61 has been the Shanxi Provincial check cultivar since 1999.