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Isozyme Diversity in Wild Red Clover Populations from the Caucasus
Author(s) -
Mosjidis Jorge A.,
Greene Stephanie L.,
Klingler Kimberly A.,
Afonin Alexandr
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci2004.1039
Subject(s) - germplasm , temperate climate , forage , crop , agriculture , geography , agroforestry , biology , ecology , archaeology , agronomy , forestry
and Hamrick (1998) studied nine naturalized red clover populations collected from the U.S. Southeast and North- The amount of genetic variation within species and populations east. They measured higher than expected levels of ge- and the distribution of genetic diversity (GD) among populations are important to breeders and biologists. The objective of this study was netic diversity within the populations and low levels of to assess GD on the basis of isozymes in 15 wild red clover (Trifolium genetic divergence among the red clover populations. pratense L.) populations collected in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia. The low levels of genetic divergence were attributed to Isozymes assayed were esterase, -glucosidase, phosphoglucomutase, high rates of gene flow evident on a regional geographic peroxidase, diaphorase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and superoxide dis- scale. The relationship between gene flow and geogra- mutase. Ten isozyme loci with 26 alleles were detected. Ninety percent phy was not examined on a smaller geographic scale. Yu of the loci were polymorphic in at least one population. Percent poly- et al. (2001) conducted an extensive study on diversity of morphic loci within populations ranged between 50 and 90%. At the North American red clover cultivars. Percent polymor- species level, the number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.89 phic loci within cultivars ranged from 61.5 to 84.6% with and effective number of alleles per locus was 1.84. Within-population an overall mean of 74.0%. At the species level, the num- averages were 2.75 and 1.70, respectively. Genetic diversity was 0.353 at the species level and the mean value for the populations was 0.323. ber of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.55, and effec- Some of the populations such as PI 604728 and PI 604735 were unique tive number of alleles per locus was 1.64. Within-cultivar at the at the isozyme level. The other 13 accessions could be consoli- averages were 2.71 and 1.59, respectively. A high genetic dated into one accession. Diversity measurements indicated that this diversity, 0.292 at the species level and 0.285 within species has a high level of variability that resides mostly within popula- cultivars, was measured. Most of the genetic diversity tions. Gene flow expectations based on predictions using topographic (98.499.7%) was distributed within the cultivars. maps developed using interpolated digital and climatic surfaces co- Greene et al. (1999a) collected wild forage legume incided with gene flow estimates obtained using isozymes. This sup- germplasm in the western Caucasus Mountains in south- ports the use of GIS tools and remotely sensed data to develop maps ern Russia. The collection trip was supported by a Geo- that help germplasm collection and post-collection efforts to under- graphic Information System (GIS) database that pro- stand patterns of GD in collected germplasm. vided information on topography and climate. Following the collection trip Greene et al. (1999b) used GIS-derived data and local site data to infer the geographic differenti-