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Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Free‐Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) Is Related to the Dynamics of Sward Structure during Regrowth
Author(s) -
Suter Daniel,
Nösberger Josef,
Lüscher Andreas
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci2001.413810x
Subject(s) - perennial plant , biology , lolium perenne , tiller (botany) , photosynthesis , shoot , dry weight , agronomy , photosynthetically active radiation , leaf area index , shading , poaceae , specific leaf area , botany , zoology , art , visual arts
At elevated partial pressure of CO 2 (60 Pa pCO 2 ), field‐grown perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) swards generally show a strong increase in photosynthesis of the youngest fully expanded leaves but a weak yield response. We investigated this discrepancy by determining the effects of elevated pCO 2 on the dynamics of regrowth. During the whole regrowth period, swards at elevated pCO 2 exhibited a greater dry mass of roots (68%), of pseudostems (34%), and of shoot necromass below cutting height (45%). During the first 4 wk of regrowth, when dry mass (DM) and the leaf area index increased strongly, elevated pCO 2 stimulated the yield, total DM, and leaf area by up to 46, 63, and 30%, respectively. Elevated pCO 2 also resulted in an increase of almost 60% in the number of tillers during this period when the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation to the tiller bases was high. Towards the end of regrowth, however, the leaf area, total DM, and yield showed no net increase; under elevated pCO 2 , the number of tillers decreased strongly. These results indicate that there was not a strong sink for additionally fixed C during the second half of regrowth. The gap between leaf photosynthesis and yield at elevated pCO 2 is suggested to be related to a loss of tillers when shading of tiller bases was strong and to a change in dry mass allocation.