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Ozone Stress, Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, and Nitrogen Fertility Interactions in Cotton
Author(s) -
Heagle A. S.,
Miller J. E.,
Booker F. L.,
Pursley W. A.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183x003900030021x
Subject(s) - carbon dioxide , ozone , yield (engineering) , nitrogen , zoology , biology , horticulture , botany , agronomy , chemistry , ecology , materials science , organic chemistry , metallurgy
Ozone (O 3 ) in the troposphere can cause plant stress leading to foliar injury and suppressed growth and yield, whereas elevated CO 2 generally enhances growth and yield. Numerous studies have been performed to determine effects of O 3 and CO 2 separately, but relatively few have been performed to determine if O 3 can affect plant response to CO 2 or vice versa. Open‐top field chambers were used to determine if such interactions occur for cotton ( Gossypium hirsurum L.), which is relatively sensitive to O 3 . Nitrogen nutrition is especially important in cotton production so N nutrition was included as an experimental factor. Plants were grown in 14‐L pots at low, medium, and high soil N levels and exposed to three CO 2 and two or three O 3 treatments in all combinations during two seasons. The CO 2 treatments were ambient (370 μL L −1 ) and two treatments with CO 2 added for 24 h d −1 at approximately 1.5 and 2.0 times ambient. In 1995, the O 3 treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF), and nonfiltered air (NF) with 0, added for 12 h d −1 (NF+). In 1996, a NF treatment was also included to represent ambient O 3 conditions. The CF, NF, and NF+ treatments resulted in seasonal O 3 concentrations of approximately 23, 51, and 75 nL L −1 . Carbon dioxide enrichment generally stimulated growth and yield whereas O 3 exposure suppressed growth and yield. Stimulation induced by CO 2 increased as O 3 stress increased. For example, in 1995 at medium N, the percentage increase in yield caused by doubling CO 2 in CF air was O%, but was 52% in NF+ air. Comparable values for 1996 were 23% in CF air and 140% in NF+ air. These interactions occurred for a range of soil N levels, and were probably caused by CO 2 ‐induced prevention of O 3 stress. The results emphasize the need to consider O 3 × CO 2 interactions to ensure correct interpretation of cause‐effect relationships in CO 2 enrichment studies with crops that are sensitive to O 3 .