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Influence of Ozone Stress on Soybean Response to Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: I. Foliar Properties
Author(s) -
Heagle A. S.,
Miller J. E.,
Booker F. L.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800010020x
Subject(s) - chlorosis , ozone , carbon dioxide , horticulture , tropospheric ozone , chlorophyll , biology , zoology , charcoal , photosynthesis , botany , chemistry , ecology , organic chemistry
Tropospheric O 3 can cause foliar injury, decreased growth, and decreased yield, whereas CO 2 enrichment generally causes opposite effects. Little is known about plant response to mixtures of O 3 and CO 2 . Open‐top field chambers were used to determine if foliar responses of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to CO 2 enrichment are affected by O 3 stress and vice versa. Plants were grown in 14‐L pots and exposed to four CO 2 and three O 3 concentrations in 12 combinations. The CO 2 treatments were ambient (366 μL − ) and three treatments with CO 2 added for 24 h d 1 at approximately 1.3, 1.6, and 2.0 times ambient. The O 3 treatments were charcoal‐filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and NF with O 3 added for 12 h −1 ( NF+), resulting in seasonal concentrations of approximately 20, 46, and 75 nL L −1 . Foliar effects of CO 2 enrichment were dependent on the amount of stress caused by O 3 . In the CF treatment, plants were not stressed by O 3 , and CO 2 enrichment caused chlorosis and decreased chlorophyll. In the NF and NF+ treatments, plants were stressed by 03, and CO 2 enrichment suppressed chlorosis and increased chlorophyll. Ozone decreased specific leaf weight, increased foliar N and C, and decreased C/N ratios, whereas CO 2 caused opposite responses for these measures. Ozone increased foliar S and B but did not affect P or K concentrations. Conversely, CO 2 enrichment suppressed foliar S, B, P, and K concentrations. These interactions between O 3 and CO 2 emphasize a need to consider the amount of plant stress caused by O 3 in studies to measure effects of CO 2 enrichment.