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Meristem Culture for Virus Elimination and Peanut Interspecific Hybrid Preservation
Author(s) -
Morris J. B.,
Dunn S.,
Pinnow D. L.,
Hopkins M. S.,
Pittman R. N.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700020046x
Subject(s) - biology , meristem , arachis , shoot , arachis hypogaea , explant culture , mottle , botany , murashige and skoog medium , potyvirus , plant virus , virus , horticulture , in vitro , virology , biochemistry
In 1989, more than 20% of the USDA's clonal Arachis species and their hybrids were infected with peanut mottle potyvirus (PMV) and peanut stripe potyvirus (PStV) or combinations of these viruses. PStV is a serious virus that can cause up to 20% yield reductions. PMV can also cause serious infections with up to 20% peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) yield reductions under optimal environmental conditions. Once introduced, these viruses can spread throughout crop collections and research plots by insect vectors or routine handling of plants. This study was conducted during 1993 and 1994 in a greenhouse at Griffin, GA, to determine whether interspecific peanut hybrids derived from nodal and meristem cultures differed for in vitro morphogenesis, and if PMV and PStV could be eliminated via meristem culture from vegetatively propagated peanut accessions. Nodal segments were placed in MSB5 media containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, 65 vitamins, and 20 g L −1 sucrose. Apical meristems from explants were plated on MSB5 media augmented with 1 mg L −1 each of a‐naphthalaneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP). Explants not producing shoots were subcultured onto MSB5 media supplemented with 1 mg L −1 of BAP to induce shoot cell growth. Significant variation for shoot and root production was observed among hybrids. Regenerated plants from meristem culture were examined at the four leaflet stage by double antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA) for the presence of virus. PStV was not detected by DAS‐ELISA in any plants derived from meristems. However, PMV was eliminated from 50 to 100% of five hybrids, but not from the other hybrids. Meristem culture provides an efficient method of virus elimination from interspecific Arachis hybrids.