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Interpreting Yield Instability in Pea Using Genotypic and Environmental Covariates
Author(s) -
BiarnèsDumoulin Véronique,
Denis JeanBaptiste,
LejeuneHéanut Isabelle,
Etévé Gérard
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600010021x
Subject(s) - biology , sativum , covariate , gene–environment interaction , ammi , pisum , yield (engineering) , main stem , genotype , cultivar , interaction , agronomy , legume , horticulture , statistics , mathematics , genetics , materials science , gene , metallurgy
The improvement of yield stability in many grain legume species and especially in dry pea ( Pisum sativum L.) is a major breeding objective. It is therefore essential that breeders understand the basis of the yield instability phenomenon in order to develop stable and high yielding cultivars. The study of 10 genotypes, sown at two dates (early/late), during 2 yr (1991–1992), in France, at three I.N.R.A. experimental stations (Mons, Versailles, Dijon), confirmed the existence of high variability for yield. The environmental effect was preponderant and essentially due to differences of soil water availability during the flowering period. Genotype × environment (g × e) interaction also played an important part in yield variability. A factorial regression analysis was conducted with genotypic and environmental covariates to determine the genotypic morphological traits and the environmental factors involved in the g × e interaction. Three covariates played an important role: node number of the first flower (N1F) and the mean number of reproductive nodes (NR) of the main stem, as genotypic covariates, and the meteorological water balance during the flowering period (MWBF), as an environmental covariate. These variables explained 64% of the total g × e interaction. N1F and NR define, respectively, the beginning and the duration of the seed set period on the main stem of the plant. These results suggest that an important part of the g × e interaction in pea is determined by the differential response of genotypes, according to their earliness to flower (estimated by N1F) and the duration of the seed set period (determined by NR), when grown in environments with drought stress during the sensitive flowering period.