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Recurrent Selection for Plant Regeneration from Red Clover Tissue Culture
Author(s) -
Quesenberry Kenneth H.,
Smith Richard R.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300030033x
Subject(s) - biology , callus , explant culture , petiole (insect anatomy) , kinetin , population , somatic embryogenesis , heritability , somaclonal variation , tissue culture , botany , auxin , regeneration (biology) , horticulture , genetics , hymenoptera , demography , sociology , gene , in vitro
Methods for plant genetic transformation generally require that single transformed cells can be regenerated in to whole plants. Plant development from callus tissue culture has been shown to be under genetic control in various species. This study was conducted to determine the variability for this trait and to select for increased frequency of regeneration in red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). Five cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection (one cycle per year) for increased plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from callus tissue culture were carried out beginning with a base population from the cultivar Arlington. Progeny were evaluated on a half‐sib family basis for estimation of narrow sense heritability. A three‐step tissue culture protocol (callus induction, embryo induction, and plant development) based on Gamborg's B5 basal salts, NAA and 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) as auxins, and kinetin and adenine as cytokinins was utilized. Explant source was petiole sections. Percentage regenerating plants in the base population, recurrent phenotypic selection cycle 1 (RPS1), RPS2, RPS3, RPS4, and RPS5 was 4, 9, 16, 20, 41, and 72%. A cycle of genotypic selection (progeny testing) was more efficient increasing regeneration frequency on a per cycle basis but less efficient on a per year basis since 2 yrs were required to complete a cycle of genotypic selection. Number of regenerating plants per petiole explant was >200 for selected RPS5 individuals compared with <10 in base population individuals. Narrow sense heritability estimates ranged from 40 to 50%. These results show that plant regeneration from callus tissue of red clover is a highly heritable trait. The population developed in this research should be immediately useful for genetic transformation of red clover.