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Registration of Two Reduced‐Height (HA 378 and HA 379) and Two Early‐Maturity (HA 380 and RHA 381) Sunflower Germplasm Lines
Author(s) -
Miller J. F.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300010070x
Subject(s) - germplasm , sunflower , miller , maturity (psychological) , biology , citation , horticulture , crop , library science , computer science , agronomy , political science , ecology , law
Two OILSEED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) reducedheight maintainer germplasm lines, HA 378 (Reg. no. GP177, PI 561918) and HA 379 (Reg. no. GP-178, PI 561919), and two-early-maturity germplasm lines, maintainer HA 380 (Reg. no. GP-179, PI 561920) and restorer RHA 381 (Reg. no. GP180, PI 561921), were developed and released by the USDAARS and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at Fargo, ND, in May 1990. These lines provide increased diversity in height and maturity characteristics of sunflower and are available for use in sunflower breeding and hybrid development programs. HA 378 and HA 379 are F6-derived F7 maintainer lines selected from the cross HA 821/DDR. HA 821 is a germplasm line released by the USDA-ARS and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 1983. DDR is a reduced-height genotype obtained from Zentralinstitut fur Genetik and Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, Germany. DDR is a lateto mid-maturity line with short internodes, a high level of selfincompatibility, poor pollination, and striped seed. The pedigree breeding method was utilized to develop HA 378 and HA 379. HA 378 and HA 379 were converted to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS; PET1 cytoplasm) by the backcross method. Seed yields of the hybrids cms HA 378/RHA 274 and cms HA 379/RHA 274 were equal to or higher yielding than the checks, Hybrid 894 and cms HA 821/RHA 274, in 1988 and 1989, at Casselton, ND. Plant height, days from planting to plant stage R5.1 (1) and R9.0, oil content, and leaf number of hybrids produced by crossing the cms lines with the restorer line, RHA 274, are presented in Table 1. HA 378 produced hybrids that were 3 to 4 d later in both flowering and maturity and 47 cm shorter than the check hybrids. HA 379 produced hybrids with equivalent flowering and maturity and 51 cm snorter in height than the check hybrids. The reduced-height characteristic was due to shortened internodes, since the leaf number of the hybrids was not significantly different than the hybrid checks. These lines may produce hybrids that have significantly less upright head inclination, compared with Hybrid 894 or Hybrid cms HA 821/RHA 274, depending on which restorer is selected for crossing. HA 378 and HA 379 are homozygous for resistance to North American races of verticillium wilt (incited by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) and are slightly less than HA 821 in level of self fertility. HA 380 is a BC3F5-derived F8 maintainer line selected from the cross USDA 1858-7/3 *HA 89. USDA 1858-7 is a nonoilseed line derived from the cross R811//JI/RHA 268, where R811 is an experimental nonoilseed restorer line, JI is a selection from the open-pollinated cultivar Jumbo Israel, and RHA 268 is a selection from the open-pollinated cultivar Mennonite Table 1. Height, days to plant stage R5.1 and R9.0, oil content, and leaf number of sunflower germplasm lines and two check hybrids.