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Ureides and Amides as Nitrogen Sources for Soybean Seed Growth and Maturation in Vitro
Author(s) -
Wettlaufer Scott H.,
Obendorf Ralph L.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100050047x
Subject(s) - asparagine , glutamine , allantoin , biology , sucrose , dry matter , glycine , horticulture , botany , food science , biochemistry , amino acid
While ureides and amides can be utilized for soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] tissue growth in situ, their nutritional effectiveness for seed growth in vitro is not fully characterized. Therefore, the ureides allantoin and allantoate at 31 m M , and the amides asparagine and glutamine at 62 m M , were evaluated as the sole N source for seed growth and maturation in vitro with and without pods. Small and large isolated seeds (50–70 and 300 mg fresh wt.) and small (50 to 70 mg fresh wt.) seeds in detached pods were cultured separately in liquid medium with no or one N source, 1.2 or 0.1 m M P, and 147 m M sucrose, minerals, and vitamins. Allantoin or allantoate did not support seed growth as well as glutamine with isolated seeds or detached pods, and resulted in rapid yellowing of tissues, less dry matter accumulation, and a higher water concentration at harvest. Glutamine and asparagine were equivalent as N sources in supporting growth of 300‐mg seeds with 1.2 m M phosphate, but glutamine was superior to asparagine with 0.1 m M P and also with isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in both 1.2 and 0.1 m M P. In contrast, glutamine and asparagine were comparable for growth of 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds in detached pods. Phosphate at 0.1 m M with either glutamine or asparagine resulted in increased fresh weight, retention of green color, a higher water concentration, and tissue blackening, but no change in dry matter accumulation during culture of isolated 50‐ to 70‐mg seeds. Glutamine supported soybean seed growth and maturation in all three in vitro systems, while asparagine was a suitable N source for seeds cultured in detached pods or as isolated 300‐mg seeds. Neither ureide was an effective substitute for the amides as the sole N source for seed growth in vitro with or without pods.