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Chronic Ozone Stress Effects on Yield and Grain Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat
Author(s) -
Slaughter L. H.,
Mulchi C. L.,
Lee E. H.,
Tuthill K.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900050032x
Subject(s) - anthesis , zoology , test weight , biology , horticulture , field experiment , yield (engineering) , biomass (ecology) , agronomy , cultivar , materials science , metallurgy
Chronic O 3 stress can limit wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields and kernel quality. Field studies were conducted at the USDA Beltsville Agric. Res. Center (BARC) during 1984 and 1985 to assess the effects of low‐level chronic O 3 stress during anthesis and kernel fill on soft red winter wheat. Six O 3 treatments, ambient air plot control, charcoal‐filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), NF + 20, NF + 40, and NF + 80 nL O 3 L −1 , were applied 4 h day −1 , 5 day wk −1 beginning 10 d preanthesis through maturity. Biomass, grain yield, kernel weight, kernels per spike, harvest index, flour protein, alkaline water retention capacity, particle size index, and baking quality of four wheat genotypes were examined at physiological maturity. Ambient O 3 concentrations were higher and environmental conditions were cool and wet in 1984 compared to 1985. In 1984, NF + 80 nL O 3 L −1 treatments significantly reduced all measured characteristics except kernels per spike. In 1985, significant O 3 effects were not observed. Significant genotype effects were observed in each year with the exception of harvest index and kernels per spike in 1984. Polynomial regression analyses indicated a decrease in biomass, grain yield, and kernel weight at accumulative oxidant exposure (AOX) values above 5.1 μL L −1 h. The results indicate that brief 4‐h exposure periods above 60 nL O 3 L −1 during anthesis and grain fill can reduce yield and kernel quality.