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Factors Influencing Somatic Embryo Induction from Orchardgrass Anther Cultures
Author(s) -
Songstad D. D.,
Conger B. V.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183x002800060029x
Subject(s) - dicamba , biology , kinetin , somatic embryogenesis , stamen , botany , sucrose , dactylis glomerata , somatic cell , ploidy , callus , embryo , auxin , tissue culture , embryogenesis , poaceae , microbiology and biotechnology , agronomy , biochemistry , pollen , in vitro , weed control , gene
Somatic embryos from orchardgrass ( Ductylis glomerata L.) anther explants have been initiated in our lab but further research is needed to optimize this response. The objectives of this research were to: (i) determine the role of anther density/orientation and various medium supplements on embryogenesis; and (ii) examine chromosomes and nucleoli from regenerated plants to determine a gametic or somatic cell origin. Anthers were pretreated for 0, 3, or 6 wk at 4°C before planting on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium containing various levels of dicamba, sucrose, or the cytokinins, 6‐ furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) or benzylaminopurine (BAP). Incubation was in the dark at 25 °C. No differences in response were obtained from a flat vs. an on edge orientation but a density of 10 anthers/mL resulted in a higher frequency of embryogenesis than 100 anthers/mL. Optimum responses were obtained with 30 pmol L −1 dicamba and 263 μmol L −1 sucrose. Both cytokinins had a significant inhibitory effect at all concentrations tested. Somatic embryos were formed directly from somatic tissue of anthers receiving a 0‐ or 3‐wk cold pretreatment whereas those receiving a 6‐wk cold pretreatment initiated embryogenic calli. One of six plants regenerated from anthers exposed to the 6‐wk cold pretreatment was a mixoploid containing cells with 14, 28,56, and more than 100 chromosomes and 1 to 8 nucleoli per nucleus. This work suggests that cytokinins hinder whereas sucrose, dicamba, and a cold pretreatment promote embryogenesis from orchardgrass anthers.