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Anatomical Effects of the Capsule Dehiscence Alleles in Sesame 1
Author(s) -
Ashri A.,
Ladijinski G.
Publication year - 1964
Publication title -
crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.76
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1435-0653
pISSN - 0011-183X
DOI - 10.2135/cropsci1964.0011183x000400020003x
Subject(s) - hebrew , library science , citation , biology , genetics , horticulture , history , classics , computer science
SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient crop plant whose seeds are used for oil extraction, pastries, and sweets. The seeds are produced in capsules which are bicarpellate or quadricarpellate with four or eight locules, respectively, due to a false septum (3). Upon ripening, the capsules dehisce at the unions of the carpels and shatter their seeds. This has made mechanized harvesting in sesame difficult and confined its production to low-cost economies. One of the most important steps in the domestication of our crop plants which are grown for their seeds has been the loss of seed dispersal mechanisms. This has occurred in all but a few of them. Yet in sesame, which has been grown extensively since ancient times (3), there were no indehiscent types before 1943, when Langham (4) discovered an indehiscent plant and found that the trait was controlled by one pair of alleles: the dominant Id gives dehiscence while id gives indehiscence. Langham has noted (4) and later it was shown further (5, 7) that id was pleiotropic giving also cupped cotyledons, concave leaves, leaf-like enations on the underside of the leaves and curved styles which hinder self pollination and reduce seed set. Nakamura and Sato (8) reported that in dehiscent' sesame there was no cell enlargement at the capsule sutures. Studies on the genetic control of capsule dehiscence in other plants were reported by several authors. In the castor bean. White (13) found that dehiscence is controlled by two genes and Atsmon has shown that dehiscent capsules differed from indehiscent ones by a monocellular sclerenchymatous layer. Tammes (12) indicated that in flax 3 or 4 multiple factors were responsible for capsule dehiscence which is caused (2) by mucilages in the seed coat and the direction of a monocellular layer in the pericarp. It appeared that capsule dehiscence in sesame offered good material for a study of genetically controlled tissue differences since they could be related to the action of the Id or id alleles. Thus the purpose of this study was to find the histogenetic expression of the two alleles and to describe the phenotypes in more precise terms.