Premium
Effects of Biochar and Manure Applications on Soil Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Two Different Soils
Author(s) -
Abagandura Gandura Omar,
Chintala Rajesh,
Sandhu Saroop S.,
Kumar Sandeep,
Schumacher Thomas E.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2018.10.0374
Subject(s) - biochar , loam , soil water , manure , environmental science , agronomy , greenhouse gas , panicum virgatum , corn stover , carbon sequestration , nitrous oxide , carbon dioxide , chemistry , soil science , biofuel , bioenergy , waste management , pyrolysis , fermentation , engineering , ecology , organic chemistry , biology , food science
Although past research suggested that biochar has the potential to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), studies investigating how biochar affects GHG emissions from different soil types under field conditions are limited. Furthermore, limited knowledge exists on how interactions between biochar and manure affect GHG emissions from different soils. This field study, conducted in Brookings, SD, in 2013, 2014, and 2015, measured the soil surface GHG emissions (CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O) from sandy loam (SLsoil) and clay loam (CLsoil) soils. Six treatments—three biochar materials (produced from corn [ Zea mays L.] stover, pinewood [ Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson], and switchgrass [ Panicum virgatum L.]), manure, a mixture of manure and biochar, and the control (no amendment)—were applied to both soils at 10 Mg ha −1 . The GHG fluxes were measured over the 2013, 2014, and 2015 growing seasons using static chamber. Biochars reduced cumulative CO 2 flux compared with the control in the SLsoil in 2014 and 2015. For the CLsoil, biochars increased the cumulative CO 2 flux in 2013, but emitted similar cumulative CO 2 flux as the control in 2014 and 2015. Biochars reduced cumulative N 2 O fluxes compared with the control in all years from the SLsoil only. Combining biochar with manure decreased cumulative CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes compared with manure alone in the SLsoil only. Biochar and manure did not affect cumulative CH 4 flux in either soils. Overall, the use of biochar can mitigate CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from the sandy loam soil, but not from the clay loam soil. However, higher rates of biochar (>10 Mg ha −1 ) application and long‐term monitoring are required to evaluate the effect of biochar on soil surface GHG emissions. Core Ideas Biochars reduced CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes compared with the control in the sandy loam soil. Biochars and manure did not affect CH 4 flux in either soils. Biochar + manure reduced CO 2 flux compared with manure in the sandy loam soil. The N 2 O flux was reduced by biochar + manure compared with manure in the sandy loam soil. The 10 Mg ha −1 biochar did not mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the clay loam soil.