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Sediment Oxygen Demand: A Review of In Situ Methods
Author(s) -
Coenen Erin N.,
Christensen Victoria G.,
Bartsch Lynn A.,
Kreiling Rebecca M.,
Richardson William B.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2018.06.0251
Subject(s) - sediment , environmental science , water quality , in situ , benthic zone , turbidity , chemical oxygen demand , biochemical oxygen demand , hydrology (agriculture) , environmental engineering , chemistry , ecology , engineering , geology , biology , geotechnical engineering , paleontology , organic chemistry , wastewater
Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) plays a fundamental role in biological and chemical processes within the benthic layer of a water body. Land use, including agricultural land use, can affect SOD. However, a wide variety of approaches have been used for in situ SOD chamber construction and data collection, and modelers frequently use SOD values from the literature, without consideration of the differences in methods. Here, we review existing literature on SOD chambers (32 papers, 1974–2016), compare the differences between in situ and laboratory methods, evaluate the effects of in situ chamber mixing, and discuss common challenges associated with deployment. A cohesive in situ sealed chamber design for use with a multiparameter water‐quality instrument is presented as an effort toward standardizing SOD methodology, an important consideration that may facilitate integration of SOD data sets among multiple research efforts. Core Ideas Standardizing sediment oxygen demand (SOD) methodology will improve comparability of datasets. High chamber velocities lead to resuspension of sediment; low velocities undervalue SOD. Anomalies in dissolved oxygen can be identified by recording turbidity within the SOD chamber. Natural mixing creates a representative regime; artificial pumping creates the most consistent. If chambers are not mixed, stratification can occur, causing an underestimate of SOD.