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Method of Dairy Manure Application and Time before Rainfall Affect Antibiotics in Surface Runoff
Author(s) -
Le Hanh T. V.,
Maguire Rory O.,
Xia Kang
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2018.02.0086
Subject(s) - sulfamerazine , tylosin , manure , surface runoff , chlortetracycline , environmental science , surface water , liquid manure , environmental chemistry , hydrology (agriculture) , zoology , agronomy , chemistry , environmental engineering , antibiotics , sulfadiazine , ecology , geology , biochemistry , geotechnical engineering , biology
Although research has shown that manure soil subsurface injection reduces nutrient input to the aquatic environment, it is less known if it also reduces antibiotic surface runoff from manure‐applied fields. Surface runoff of four dairy production antibiotics was monitored comparing (i) surface application and subsurface injection of manure and (ii) time gaps between manure application and a subsequent rain event. Liquid dairy manure spiked with pirlimycin, tylosin, chlortetracycline, and sulfamerazine was applied to 1.5‐m × 2‐m test plots at an agronomic N rate via surface application and subsurface injection. On the day of application (Day 0), and 3 and 7 d after manure application, a simulated rainfall (70 mm h −1 ) was conducted to collect 30 min runoff. Target antibiotics in runoff water and sediment were quantified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that runoff was a significant route for transporting antibiotics off manure‐applied fields, amounting to 0.45 to 2.62% of their initial input with manure. However, compared with manure surface application, subsurface injection reduced sulfamerazine, chlortetracycline, pirlimycin, and tylosin losses in runoff by at least 47, 50, 57, and 88%, respectively. Antibiotic distribution between aqueous and solid phases of runoff was largely determined by water solubility and partition capacity of antibiotics to soil particles. Masses in the aqueous phase were 99 ± 0.5, 94 ± 4, 91 ± 7, and 22 ± 15% of pirlimycin, sulfamerazine, tylosin, and chlortetracycline, respectively. Manure application 3 d or longer before a subsequent rain event reduced antibiotic runoff by 9 to 45 times. Therefore, using subsurface injection and avoiding manure application <3 d before rain would be a recommended manure land management best practice. Core Ideas Compared with surface application, subsurface injection reduced antibiotic runoff. About 3% of antibiotics was lost in 30‐min runoff from a manure surface‐applied field. About 1% of antibiotics was lost in 30‐min runoff from manure subsurface‐injected fields. Antibiotic distribution in runoff water and sediment was compound dependent. Manure application at least 3 d before rain reduced antibiotics in surface runoff.