Premium
Chemical Evaluation of Odor Reduction by Soil Injection of Animal Manure
Author(s) -
Feilberg Tavs Nyord Anders,
Hansen Martin Nørregaard,
Lindholst Sabine
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2010.0499
Subject(s) - odor , methanethiol , chemistry , manure , hydrogen sulfide , environmental chemistry , mass spectrometry , gas chromatography , thermal desorption , chromatography , desorption , sulfur , agronomy , adsorption , organic chemistry , biology
Field application of animal manure is a major cause of odor nuisance in the local environment. Therefore, there is a need for methods for measuring the effect of technologies for reducing odor after manure application. In this work, chemical methods were used to identify key odorants from field application of pig manure based on experiments with surface application by trailing hoses and soil injection. Results from three consecutive years of field trials with full‐scale equipment are reported. Methods applied were: membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS), proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR–MS), gold‐film hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) detection, all performed on site, and thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (TD‐GC/MS) based on laboratory analyses of field samples. Samples were collected from a static flux chamber often used for obtaining samples for dynamic olfactometry. While all methods were capable of detecting relevant odorants, PTR–MS gave the most comprehensive results. Based on odor threshold values, 4‐methylphenol, H 2 S, and methanethiol are suggested as key odorants. Significant odorant reductions by soil injection were consistently observed in all trials. The flux chamber technique was demonstrated to be associated with critical errors due to compound instabilities in the chamber. This was most apparent for H 2 S, on a time scale of a few minutes, and on a longer time scale for methanethiol.