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Microbial and Chemical Markers: Runoff Transfer in Animal Manure–Amended Soils
Author(s) -
Jaffrezic Anne,
Jardé Emilie,
Pourcher AnneMarie,
Gourmelon Michèle,
Caprais MariePaule,
Heddadj Djilali,
Cottinet Patrice,
Bilal Muhamad,
Derrien Morgane,
Marti Romain,
Mieszkin Sophie
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2010.0355
Subject(s) - manure , surface runoff , slurry , fecal coliform , environmental science , contamination , soil water , indicator bacteria , feces , surface water , environmental chemistry , water quality , agronomy , environmental engineering , biology , chemistry , ecology , soil science
Fecal contamination of water resources is evaluated by the enumeration of the fecal coliforms Escherichia coli and Enterococci. However, the enumeration of these indicators does not allow us to differentiate between the sources of fecal contamination. Therefore, it is important to use alternative indicators of fecal contamination to identify livestock contamination in surface waters. The concentration of fecal indicators ( E. coli , enteroccoci, and F‐specific bacteriophages), microbiological markers (Rum‐2‐bac, Pig‐2‐bac, and Lactobacillus amylovorus ), and chemical fingerprints (sterols and stanols and other chemical compounds analyzed by 3D‐fluorescence excitation–matrix spectroscopy) were determined in runoff waters generated by an artificial rainfall simulator. Three replicate plot experiments were conducted with swine slurry and cattle manure at agronomic nitrogen application rates. Low amounts of bacterial indicators (1.9–4.7%) are released in runoff water from swine‐slurry–amended soils, whereas greater amounts (1.1–28.3%) of these indicators are released in runoff water from cattle‐manure–amended soils. Microbial and chemical markers from animal manure were transferred to runoff water, allowing discrimination between swine and cattle fecal contamination in the environment via runoff after manure spreading. Host‐specific bacterial and chemical markers were quantified for the first time in runoff waters samples after the experimental spreading of swine slurry or cattle manure.