Premium
Spectroscopic Approaches for Phosphorus Speciation in Soils and Other Environmental Systems
Author(s) -
Kizewski Fiona,
Liu YuTing,
Morris Amanda,
Hesterberg Dean
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2010.0169
Subject(s) - soil water , raman spectroscopy , chemistry , genetic algorithm , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , phosphate , phosphorus , environmental chemistry , spectroscopy , matrix (chemical analysis) , infrared spectroscopy , environmental science , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , soil science , ecology , physics , chromatography , quantum mechanics , optics , biology , engineering
In the past decades, environmental scientists have become increasingly involved in developing novel approaches for applying emerging spectroscopic techniques to complex environmental matrices. The objective of this review is to convey the most common chemical species of phosphorus reported for soils, sediments, model systems, and waste materials based on analyses by four spectroscopic techniques: X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Unique information is provided by each technique at a level of specificity that depends in part on matrix complexity. The X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques reveal inorganic and organic P species in intact environmental matrices or in chemical extracts, whereas the Fourier transform infrared and Raman techniques can provide more specific bonding information about mineral or adsorbed P species in model analogs of matrix components. The most common P species in soils and sediments as indicated by spectroscopy are hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate minerals, phosphate adsorbed on Fe‐ and Al‐oxides, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, phosphate mono‐ and di‐esters, and phosphonates. Continued advancements in spectroscopic methods should improve speciation‐based models of P mobilization and transformations in the environment.