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Using Rare Earth Elements to Control Phosphorus and Track Manure in Runoff
Author(s) -
Buda Anthony R.,
Church Clinton,
Kleinman Peter J.A.,
Saporito Lou S.,
Moyer Barton G.,
Tao Liang
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2009.0359
Subject(s) - manure , poultry litter , surface runoff , phosphorus , soil water , environmental science , fertilizer , agronomy , tillage , manure management , chemistry , environmental chemistry , nutrient , soil science , ecology , biology , organic chemistry
Concern over the enrichment of agricultural runoff with phosphorus (P) from land applied livestock manures has prompted the development of manure amendments that minimize P solubility. In this study, we amended poultry, dairy, and swine manures with two rare earth chlorides, lanthanum chloride (LaCl 3 ·7H 2 O) and ytterbium chloride (YbCl 3 ·6H 2 O), to evaluate their effects on P solubility in the manure following incubation in the laboratory as well as on the fate of P and rare earth elements (REEs) when manures were surface‐applied to packed soil boxes and subjected to simulated rainfall. In terms of manure P solubility, La:water‐extractable P (WEP) ratios close to 1:1 resulted in maximum WEP reduction of 95% in dairy manure and 98% in dry poultry litter. Results from the runoff study showed that REE applications to dry manures such as poultry litter were less effective in reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff than in liquid manures and slurries, which was likely due to mixing limitations. The most effective reductions of DRP in runoff by REEs were observed in the alkaline pH soil, although reductions of DRP in runoff from the acidic soil were still >50%. Particulate REEs were strongly associated with particulate P in runoff, suggesting a potentially useful role in tracking the fate of P and other manure constituents from manure‐amended soils. Finally, REEs that remained in soil following runoff had a tendency to precipitate WEP, especially in soils receiving manure amendments. The findings have valuable applications in water quality protection and the evaluation of P site assessment indices.