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Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in an Eastern Corn Belt Soil: Weather, Nitrogen Source, and Rotation
Author(s) -
HernandezRamirez Guillermo,
Brouder Sylvie M.,
Smith Douglas R.,
Van Scoyoc George E.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2007.0565
Subject(s) - carbon dioxide , soil water , nitrogen , zoology , nitrous oxide , agronomy , chemistry , environmental science , greenhouse gas , manure , nitrate , growing season , ecology , soil science , biology , organic chemistry
Relative contributions of diverse, managed ecosystems to greenhouse gases are not completely documented. This study was conducted to estimate soil surface fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) as affected by management practices and weather. Gas fluxes were measured by vented, static chambers in Drummer and Raub soil series during two growing seasons. Treatments evaluated were corn cropped continuously (CC) or in rotation with soybean (CS) and fertilized with in‐season urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) or liquid swine manure applied in the spring (SM) or fall (FM). Soybean (SC) rotated with CS and restored prairie grass (PG) were also included. The CO 2 fluxes correlated ( P ≤ 0.001) with soil temperature (ρ: 0.74) and accumulated rainfall 120 h before sampling (ρ: 0.53); N 2 O fluxes correlated with soil temperature (ρ: 0.34). Seasonal CO 2 –C emissions were not different across treatments (4.4 Mg ha −1 yr −1 ) but differed between years. Manured soils were net seasonal CH 4 –C emitters (0.159–0.329 kg ha −1 yr −1 ), whereas CSUAN and CCUAN exhibited CH 4 –C uptake (−0.128 and −0.177 kg ha −1 yr −1 , respectively). Treatments significantly influenced seasonal N 2 O–N emissions ( P < 0.001) and ranged from <1.0 kg ha − 1 yr −1 in PG and SC to between 3 and 5 kg ha −1 yr −1 in CCFM and CSUAN and >8 kg ha −1 yr −1 in CCSM; differences were driven by pulse emissions after N fertilization in concurrence with major rainfall events. These results suggest fall manure application, corn–soybean rotation, and restoration of prairies may diminish N 2 O emissions and hence contribute to global warming mitigation.