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Comparison of Plant Families in a Greenhouse Phytoremediation Study on an Aged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soil
Author(s) -
Olson Paul E.,
Castro Ana,
Joern Mark,
DuTeau Nancy M.,
PilonSmits Elizabeth A. H.,
Reardon Kenneth F.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2006.0371
Subject(s) - phytoremediation , rhizosphere , environmental remediation , environmental chemistry , soil contamination , soil water , population , perennial plant , agronomy , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon , contamination , environmental science , chemistry , biology , ecology , soil science , genetics , demography , sociology , bacteria
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous, recalcitrant, and potentially carcinogenic pollutants. Plants and their associated rhizosphere microbes can promote PAH dissipation, offering an economic and ecologically attractive remediation technique. This study focused on the effects of different types of vegetation on PAH removal and on the interaction between the plants and their associated microorganisms. Aged PAH‐polluted soil with a total PAH level of 753 mg kg −1 soil dry weight was planted with 18 plant species representing eight families. The levels of 17 soil PAHs were monitored over 14 mo. The size of soil microbial populations of PAH degraders was also monitored. Planting significantly enhanced the dissipation rates of all PAHs within the first 7 mo, but this effect was not significant after 14 mo. Although the extent of removal of lower‐molecular‐weight PAHs was similar for planted and unplanted control soils after 14 mo, the total mass of five‐ and six‐ring PAHs removed was significantly greater in planted soils at the 7‐ and 14‐mo sampling points. Poaceae (grasses) were the most effective of the families tested, and perennial ryegrass was the most effective species; after 14 mo, soils planted with perennial ryegrass contained 30% of the initial total PAH concentration (compared with 51% of the initial concentrations in unplanted control soil). Although the presence of some plant species led to higher populations of PAH degraders, there was no correlation across plant species between PAH dissipation and the size of the PAH‐degrading population. Research is needed to understand differences among plant families for stimulating PAH dissipation.