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Nitrate Leaching under Grassland as Affected by Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Cattle Urine
Author(s) -
Decau M. L.,
Simon J. C.,
Jacquet A.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2004.6370
Subject(s) - lysimeter , leaching (pedology) , urine , zoology , grazing , human fertilization , grassland , nitrogen , agronomy , nitrate , chemistry , environmental science , soil water , biology , soil science , biochemistry , organic chemistry
An experiment was performed to better understand to what extent nitrogen fertilization rate and date and amount of urine deposition, when acting in combination, influence nitrate leaching under grassland. Leaching was studied during two successive winters using 2‐m 2 grassed lysimeters under three levels of N fertilization (0, 150, and 300 kg N ha −1 yr −1 , referred to as 0N, 150N, and 300N, respectively), two levels of 15 N‐labeled urine (105 and 165 kg N ha −1 , referred to as A2 and A3, respectively), and three dates of urine application (spring, summer, and fall). During the first winter, total N leaching losses varied between 2 and 50 kg N ha −1 When tested in combination, N applied as urine to grassland resulted in three times the total N loss by leaching that occurred following N fertilization in the first winter (4.3, 20.8, 34.9, 14.2, 17.1, and 28.7 kg NO − 3 –N ha −1 for no urine, A2, A3, 0N, 150N, and 300N, respectively). Leaching of 15 N urine significantly depended on the date of application: 6.6, 17.3, and 29.1 kg for spring, summer, and fall, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for the contribution of 15 N urine to total N leaching with 4.3, 12.9, and 21.4%. However, urine application, both in terms of amount and date, showed very little long‐term effect on these N losses in Year 2. In our conditions of low winter rainfall and drainage, grazing management (through season, urinary N amounts, and urine N concentration) resulted in a higher impact on water nitrate quality than moderate N fertilization management.