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Phosphorus Dynamics in Soils Receiving Chemically Treated Dairy Manure
Author(s) -
Kalbasi M.,
Karthikeyan K. G.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2004.2296
Subject(s) - manure , soil water , phosphorus , zoology , chemistry , incubation , nutrient , environmental chemistry , agronomy , biology , ecology , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Chemical treatment of animal manure with Al, Fe, and Ca salts appears capable of concentrating P in a smaller volume, thereby providing increased manure management options. However, little information is available on the fate of nutrients in soils receiving chemically treated manure. An incubation study (1 d to 2 yr) was conducted with three soils (Soils I, II, and III with 12, 66, and 94 mg kg −1 Bray‐1 P, respectively) and four manure treatments (one untreated and three chemical including Al‐, Fe‐, and Ca‐treated) at two rates (12.5 and 25 mg P kg −1 ), and a control (no manure). Subsamples were analyzed for Bray‐1 P and water‐extractable phosphorus (WEP) after eight incubation time periods. Phosphorus distribution among different fractions (soluble and loosely bound; Al‐, Fe‐, and Ca‐bound; organic P; and residual) was also determined after 1 d and 1 yr. Water‐extractable P increased when soils received untreated or Ca‐treated manure in proportion to P application rate. Water‐extractable P, however, decreased (compared with control) for Soils II and III or slightly increased for Soil I with addition of Al‐ or Fe‐treated manure. Water‐extractable P decreased sharply between 1 d and 1 to 2 wk and then remained relatively constant or increased slightly up to 2 yr depending on treatment and soil type. Bray‐1 P increased for all treatment types and soils in the following order: Ca‐treated > Al‐treated ≥ untreated > Fe‐treated > control. Within each treatment, Bray‐1 P decreased between 1 d and 1 to 2 wk and then gradually increased for up to 3 mo (Soils II and III) or 6 mo (Soil I). Application of Al‐ or Fe‐treated manure decreased P solubility with the effect being more pronounced in soils with high background P. Since the application of Ca‐treated manure increased both WEP and Bray‐1 P, it should be recommended for soils where the objective is to increase P availability. Several years of P input through fertilizer and manure contributed mainly to aluminum‐bound phosphorus (Al‐P) and to a lesser degree to other fractions. Only soluble and loosely bound P (all soils) and Al‐P (Soil I) exhibited treatment‐type effects after receiving chemically treated manure. The study results will help bridge the gap between our knowledge of chemical treatment systems for animal manure and the ultimate fate of P when the treated manure is land‐applied.