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Effect of Broadcast Manure on Runoff Phosphorus Concentrations over Successive Rainfall Events
Author(s) -
Kleinman Peter J. A.,
Sharpley Andrew N.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2003.1072
Subject(s) - surface runoff , manure , eutrophication , phosphorus , manure management , soil water , environmental science , agronomy , zoology , nutrient , hydrology (agriculture) , chemistry , biology , soil science , ecology , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering
Concern over eutrophication has directed attention to manure management effects on phosphorus (P) loss in runoff. This study evaluates the effects of manure application rate and type on runoff P concentrations from two, acidic agricultural soils over successive runoff events. Soils were packed into 100‐ × 20‐ × 5‐cm runoff boxes and broadcast with three manures (dairy, Bos taurus ; layer poultry, Gallus gallus ; swine, Sus scrofa ) at six rates, from 0 to 150 kg total phosphorus (TP) ha −1 Simulated rainfall (70 mm h −1 ) was applied until 30 min of runoff was collected 3, 10, and 24 d after manure application. Application rate was related to runoff P ( r 2 = 0.50–0.98), due to increased concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff; as application rate increased, so did the contribution of DRP to runoff TP. Varied concentrations of water‐extractable phosphorus (WEP) in manures (2–8 g WEP kg −1 ) resulted in significantly lower DRP concentrations in runoff from dairy manure treatments (0.4–2.2 mg DRP L −1 ) than from poultry (0.3–32.5 mg DRP L −1 ) and swine manure treatments (0.3–22.7 mg DRP L −1 ). Differences in runoff DRP concentrations related to manure type and application rate were diminished by repeated rainfall events, probably as a result of manure P translocation into the soil and removal of applied P by runoff. Differential erosion of broadcast manure caused significant differences in runoff TP concentrations between soils. Results highlight the important, but transient, role of soluble P in manure on runoff P, and point to the interactive effects of management and soils on runoff P losses.