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Responses of Red‐Osier Dogwood to Oil Sands Tailings Treated with Gypsum or Alum
Author(s) -
Redfield E.,
Croser C.,
Zwiazek J. J.,
MacKin M. D.,
Qualizza C.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2003.1008
Subject(s) - tailings , gypsum , land reclamation , alum , chemistry , substrate (aquarium) , environmental science , environmental chemistry , geology , materials science , metallurgy , oceanography , organic chemistry , archaeology , history
ABSTRACT The application of composite or consolidated tailings (CT) technology provides Alberta's oil sands industry with a means of reducing the volume of the fines fraction in extraction tailings and allows for faster reclamation and revegetation of mining sites. This study examined the effects of coagulant aids (gypsum and alum), used in the production of CT, on the ion content, growth, and survival of greenhouse‐grown red‐osier dogwood ( Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea ). Seedlings were planted in gypsum‐CT and alum‐CT substrates, and compared with those planted in reclamation material (salvaged peat and till). The seedlings were bottom‐watered with one of the following: (i) Hoagland mineral solution prepared in deionized water (Epstein, 1972); (ii) Hoagland solution in gypsum‐based CT release water; or (iii) Hoagland solution in alum‐based CT release water. Pore water of CT substrates and CT release waters had similar chemical characteristics, including salinity levels. However, plants in CT substrates had higher concentrations of ions (particularly Na and B), reduced growth, and higher mortality than plants in reclamation material and treated with CT waters. The presence of H 2 S indicated low‐oxygen conditions in the CT substrates, while in the reclamation materials with CT release water treatments, no evidence of sulfides was observed. Low‐oxygen conditions in the CT substrate treatments may have interfered with plant exclusion mechanisms for Na and B. Therefore, substrate properties may modify responses of reclamation plants to pore water chemistry due to the effects on oxygen availability to roots.