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Application Technique and Slurry Co‐Fermentation Effects on Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane Emissions after Spreading
Author(s) -
Wulf S.,
Maeting M.,
Clemens J.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2002.1795
Subject(s) - nitrous oxide , slurry , methane , arable land , ammonia , greenhouse gas , environmental science , chemistry , grassland , methane emissions , environmental chemistry , nitrogen , fermentation , environmental engineering , agronomy , ecology , food science , organic chemistry , biology , agriculture
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different application techniques on greenhouse gas emission from co‐fermented slurry. Ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and methane (CH 4 ) emissions were measured in two field experiments with four different application techniques on arable and grassland sites. To gather information about fermentation effects, unfermented slurry was also tested, but with trail hose application only. Co‐fermented slurry was applied in April at a rate of 30 m 3 ha −1 Measurements were made every 4 h on the first day after application and were continued for 6 wk with gradually decreasing sampling frequency. Methane emissions were <150 g C ha −1 from co‐fermentation products and seemed to result from dissolved CH 4 Only in the grassland experiment were emissions from unfermented slurry significantly higher, with wetter weather conditions probably promoting CH 4 production. Nitrous oxide emission was significantly increased by injection on arable and grassland sites two‐ and threefold, respectively. Ammonia emissions were smallest after injection or trail shoe application and are discussed in the preceding paper. We evaluated the climatic relevance of the measured gas emissions from the different application techniques based on the comparison of CO 2 equivalents. It was evident that NH 3 emission reduction, which can be achieved by injection, is at least compensated by increased N 2 O emissions. Our results indicate that on arable land, trail hose application with immediate shallow incorporation, and on grassland, trail shoe application, bear the smallest risks of high greenhouse gas emissions when fertilizing with co‐fermented slurry.