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Particulate and Dissolved Phosphorus Chemical Separation and Phosphorus Release from Treated Dairy Manure
Author(s) -
Dao Thanh H.,
Daniel Tommy C.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2002.1388
Subject(s) - manure , phosphorus , chemistry , particulates , total dissolved solids , environmental chemistry , agronomy , environmental engineering , environmental science , organic chemistry , biology
In confined animal feeding operations, liquid manure systems present special handling and storage challenges because of the large volume of diluted wastes. Water treatment polymers and mineral phosphorus (P) immobilizing chemicals [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O, and Class C fly ash] were used to determine particulate and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) reduction mechanisms in high total suspended solid (TSS) dairy manure and the P release from treated manure and amended soils. Co‐application exceeded the aggregation level achieved with individual manure amendments and resulted in 80 and 90% reduction in metal salt and polymer rates, respectively. At marginally effective polymer rates between 0.01 and 0.25 g L −1 , maximal aggregation was attained in combination with 1 and 10 g L −1 of aluminum sulfate (3 and 30 mmol Al 3+ L −1 ) and iron chloride (3.7 and 37 mmol Fe 3+ L −1 ) in 30 g L −1 (TSS30) and 100 g L −1 TSS (TSS100) suspensions, respectively. Fly ash induced particulate destabilization at rates ≥50 g L −1 and reduced solution‐phase DRP at all rates ≥1 g L −1 by 52 and 71% in TSS30 and TSS100 suspensions, respectively. Aluminum and Fe salts also lowered DRP at rates ≤10 g L −1 and higher concentrations redispersed particulates and increased DRP due to increased suspension acidity and electrical conductivity. The DRP release from treated manure solids and a Typic Paleudult amended with treated manure was reduced, although the amendments increased Mehlich 3–extractable P. Therefore, the synergism of flocculant types allowed input reduction in aggregation aid chemicals, enhancing particulate and dissolved P separation and immobilization in high TSS liquid manure.