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Nitrous and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Turfgrass Receiving Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer
Author(s) -
Maggiotto S. R.,
Webb J. A.,
WagnerRiddle C.,
Thurtell G. W.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020033x
Subject(s) - fertilizer , nitrous oxide , nitrogen , urea , human fertilization , nitrate , ammonium , environmental science , ammonium nitrate , chemistry , agronomy , zoology , nitrogen fertilizer , sink (geography) , field experiment , environmental chemistry , biology , cartography , organic chemistry , geography
The use of N fertilizer in agriculture is considered an important source of atmospheric N 2 O and NO x . Choice of fertilizer type and management has been considered a method for mitigating these emissions. Micrometeorological methods were used to study the effect of inorganic N fertilizers urea (U), slow‐release urea (SRU), and ammonium nitrate (AN) on fluxes of N 2 O, NO, and NO 2 from turfgrass field plots during three seasons, from 1995 to 1997 (total of 353 d of measurement). Daily average fluxes after fertilizations reached a maximum of 2091 ng N 2 O‐N m −2 s −1 after the first fertilization with AN in 1996. The fertilized plots had significantly higher emissions ( P < 0.05) than the control plot, and the highest N 2 O emissions were from AN in 1995 and 1996, and from SRU in 1997. Daily fluxes of up to 186 ng NO‐N m −2 s −1 were measured within 1 wk following fertilization in 1997. The U plot had significantly higher NO emissions during all seasons compared with other fertilized plots. Fluxes of NO x during 1996 and 1997 were consistently downward, indicating that turfgrass was acting as a sink for NO x . NO 2 uptake seemed to be directly related to NO emissions, and the U plot presented the highest NO 2 uptake. Urea‐based fertilizers seem to minimize N 2 O emissions, although long‐term effects of SRU still need to be studied. The higher NO emissions from U‐based fertilized plots do not seem to be a problem, since NO x uptake occurred at higher rates than NO emission.