Premium
Combined Effects of Ozone and Nitrogen on Secondary Compounds, Amino Acids, and Aphid Performance in Scots Pine
Author(s) -
Kainulainen P.,
Holopainen J. K.,
Holopainen T.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010042x
Subject(s) - scots pine , chemistry , ozone , human fertilization , aphid , nitrogen , zoology , nymph , horticulture , amino acid , botany , pinus <genus> , biology , agronomy , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Combined effects of O 3 and N supply on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) were studied in two separate growth chamber experiments exposing seedlings to 0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 µL/L of O 3 during 8 h/d, 5 d/wk for a period of 5 wk. Seedlings were fertilized with low, medium, and high levels of N. Ozone and N availability affected concentrations of several primary and secondary metabolites. More changes on metabolites were detected in Exp. 1 (with seedlings ceasing their annual growth) than in Exp. 2 (with seedlings actively growing). Overall, high O 3 exposure levels significantly decreased concentrations of monoterpenes and increased concentrations of resin acids. Concentrations of total phenolics were not affected by O 3 exposure. Mostly lower concentrations of monoterpenes and resin acids were found at a medium N‐fertilization level than at low and high N‐fertilization levels, while total phenolic concentration decreased by enhanced N availability. In Exp. 1, significantly elevated concentrations of free amino acids were found at O 3 concentration of 0.3 µL/L. Nitrogen availability did not have remarkable effects on amino acid concentrations. In Exp. 1, both O 3 and N had a significant effect on the MRGR of the aphid Schizolachnus pineti . In Exp. 2, the weight of the females and nymphs and the total number of reproduced nymphs were significantly affected by O 3 and N. Only a few interaction effects were found, suggesting that the N supply does not significantly modify O 3 ‐induced effects on studied primary and secondary compounds and aphid performance in Scots pine seedlings.