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Microbial Selenium Volatilization in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soils from a Constructed Wetland
Author(s) -
Azaizeh H. A.,
Gowthaman S.,
Terry N.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600030011x
Subject(s) - rhizosphere , selenate , volatilisation , selenium , aeration , environmental chemistry , soil water , chemistry , scirpus , agronomy , botany , wetland , bacteria , environmental science , biology , ecology , soil science , organic chemistry , genetics
The potential of rhizosphere and bulk soil microbes to volatilize selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine was studied in liquid cultures under controlled conditions. Microbes cultured from the rhizosphere of bulrush ( Scirpus robustus ) plants showed higher Se volatilization than those from bulk soil of a flow‐through, constructed wetland area contaminated with selenite. The data show that bacteria are the dominant microbes involved in Se volatilization; fungi contribute relatively little to this process. Bactericides significantly decreased both Se volatilization and the number of culturable bacteria in rhizosphere cultures compared to an untreated control. In the absence of added C, Se volatilization was greatest from selenomethionine, then selenite, then selenate. Aeration substantially increased the percentages of Se volatilized from rhizosphere soil cultures to which no C was added. Up to 95, 21, and 3% of the Se was volatilized from selenomethionine, selenite, and selenate, respectively. When both C and aeration treatments were applied to the rhizosphere cultures, the corresponding percentages changed to 20, 57, and 4%, that is, selenomethionine volatilization by rhizosphere microbes decreased when C was added while selenite volatilization substantially increased. Since selenite volatilization was the greatest when rhizosphere microbes were supplied with C and aeration, we suggest that microbes in this selenite‐contaminated wetland are adapted to volatilize Se by using C released from roots, and that Se volatilization may be enhanced by oxygen and environmental conditions provided by the plants.