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Influence of Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, and Salinity on Leaf Injury, Stomatal Resistance, Growth, and Chemical Composition of Bean Plants
Author(s) -
Bytnerowicz A.,
Taylor O. C.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq1983.00472425001200030018x
Subject(s) - fumigation , salinity , phaseolus , horticulture , chemistry , ozone , phytotoxicity , botany , agronomy , biology , ecology , organic chemistry
Bean plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. ‘Bush Blue Lake no. 274’), growing in half‐strength Hoagland solutions modified to provide three salinity levels of −40, −240, and −440 kPa, were exposed four times to 390 µ g m −3 O 3 , 520 µ g m −3 SO 2 , and 390 µ g m −3 O 3 + 520 µ g m −3 SO 2 . Fumigations were performed between 0900 and 1600 hours. Environmental conditions during fumigation were: temperature 25–35° C, relative humidity 43–51%, and photon flux density 200–600 µ mol m −2 sec −1 . Plants fumigated with SO 2 alone showed no injury. Primary leaves of O 3 ‐treated plants were injured more than those of plants fumigated with the combination of O 3 and SO 2 . Pollutant injury to leaves decreased as salinity increased. Stomatal resistance on the abaxial surface of primary leaves of SO 2 , and especially of (O 3 + SO 2 )‐treated plants, increased sharply during fumigations, and returned to prefumigation levels the next day. Stomatal resistances of O 3 ‐treated plants were similar to nonfumigated plants during the first phase of the experiment, but after the last fumigation, this resistance returned to essentially normal only in plants growing at the highest salinity level. Plant growth was suppressed by increased salinity. Root growth on O 3 ‐ and (O 3 + SO 2 )‐treated plants was reduced at all salinity levels. As salinity increased, plants accumulated Cl and Ca. Sodium increased in stems and roots, and decreased in leaves of plants grown in high Na‐nutrient solutions. Plants fumigated with SO 2 and (O 3 + SO 2 ) had higher S content in roots than nonfumigated and O 3 ‐treated plants. The highest S content in leaves was found in SO 2 ‐treated plants at the −40 kPa salinity level. Accumulation of Ca in leaves and of Mg in roots was lowest in plants fumigated with O 3 alone and (O 3 + SO 2 ). Plants fumigated with O 3 alone and (O 3 + SO 2 ) accumulated more K in stems and leaves, and more Fe in roots and leaves, compared with nonfumigated and SO 2 ‐treated plants. The O 3 and (O 3 + SO 2 ) effects on mineral content of the plants was suppressed by salinity, and the pollutant treatments had no statistically significant effect on mineral content of plants growing at −440 kPa salinity.