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Joint Action of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide on Foliar Injury and Stomatal Behavior in Soybean
Author(s) -
Amundson R. G.,
Weinstein L. H.
Publication year - 1981
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000020016x
Subject(s) - cultivar , horticulture , sulfur dioxide , fumigation , nitrogen , nitrogen dioxide , chemistry , sulfur , botany , biology , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry
Six cultivars of soybeans [ Clycine max (L.) Merr.] were screened for susceptibility with respect to foliar necrosis after exposure to short‐term, relatively high concentrations of SO 2 or SO 2 in combination with NO 2 . In all screening trials (three), the combination of SO 2 and NO 2 produced less foliar injury than did the same concentration of SO 2 singly. Three of the six cultivars with differing susceptibilities to SO 2 , ‘Beeson’ (most sensitive), ‘Amsoy’ (intermediate), and ‘Hark’ (least sensitive), were grown to the 10‐trifoliate stage and were exposed for 4 hours to charcoal‐filtered air (control), 5,200 µ g m −3 SO 2 (2 ppm), 950 µ g m −3 NO 2 (0.5 ppm) or 5,200 µ g m −3 SO 2 plus 950 µ g m −3 NO 2 . Again, necrotic lesions developed only on those plants exposed to 5,200 µ g m −3 SO 2 singly. The youngest fully expanded trifoliates on all three cultivars had the most leaf area damaged. Leaf resistance measurements were made on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of the eighth and ninth trifoliates on two of the six plants per cultivar exposed to each treatment. No changes in leaf resistances of the control plants or those exposed to 950 µ g m −3 NO 2 were measured. Leaf resistances increased somewhat during exposure to SO 2 , but they increased dramatically in plants exposed to the combination of SO 2 and NO 2 . The antagonistic effects of SO 2 and NO 2 on the development of necrotic lesions reported in this paper can be explained at least partially by pollutant avoidance due to stomatal closure caused by the combination of the two pollutants.