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Preferential Clay Mineral Erosion from Watersheds in the Maumee River Basin
Author(s) -
Rhoton F. E.,
Smeck N. E.,
Wilding L. P.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800040021x
Subject(s) - illite , clay minerals , surface runoff , vermiculite , soil water , sediment , geology , cation exchange capacity , mineralogy , soil science , environmental chemistry , geochemistry , chemistry , geomorphology , ecology , paleontology , biology
Runoff sediments and soil surface horizons from five small watersheds were characterized for clay mineralogy, particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity, and amorphous and free iron oxide content. The objective was to determine if preferential transport of clay minerals from these watersheds was occurring. Clay mineralogical analysis indicated runoff sediments contained higher concentrations of illite and expandables with lower concentrations of vermiculite and quartz relative to watershed soils. The differences were attributed to preferential transport of fine clays from the soil surface. Runoff sediments contained an average of 18.4% more clay than soil surface horizons. Additionally, the total clay fraction of sediments contained an average of 10.1% more fine clay. Cation exchange capacity increased from 41 meq/100 g for soil clay fractions to 46 meq/100 g for sediment clay fractions due to the increased fine clay content. Both amorphous and free iron oxide contents were lower in the clay fractions of runoff sediments than in the clay fractions of soil Ap horizons.