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Metabolism of Carbofuran in Rice Straw‐amended and Unamended Rice Soils
Author(s) -
Venkateswarlu K.,
Sethunathan N.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800030020x
Subject(s) - carbofuran , chemistry , anaerobic exercise , phenol , soil water , hydrolysis , rice straw , straw , agronomy , environmental chemistry , pesticide , biochemistry , organic chemistry , biology , ecology , physiology , inorganic chemistry
Degradation of carbofuran (2,3‐dihydro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl N ‐methylcarbamate) in rice straw‐amended flooded soil under alternate anaerobic‐aerobic conditions and 14 CO 2 evolution from ring‐ and carbonyl‐labeled 14 C‐carbofuran in flooded soil were studied. The addition of rice straw accelerated the hydrolysis of carbofuran to carbofuran phenol (2,3‐dihydro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐7‐hydroxy benzofuran) in predominantly anaerobic flooded soil. Carbofuran phenol appeared to accumulate under continued anaerobiosis and was readily decomposed with the significant formation of unextractable (“soil bound”) residues when the system was returned to aerobic conditions. Interestingly, 14 CO 2 evolution from the aromatic ring in carbofuran was almost negligible, accounting for <0.3% of ring‐ 14 C even after 40 days of flooding as compared to 27% released from carbonyl‐ 14 C.