Magnetic Resonance Characterizes Subsurface Heterogeneities

The earth’s surface is a highly variable and diverse environment where the physical and chemical properties of the soil and rock matrix change with depth as well as across the landscape. Moreover, significant changes in moisture content and biological activity occur over time due to weather events, seasonal variation, and interactions among plants, microbes, minerals, and fluids. This variability poses challenges to water managers and engineers, and instruments that can describe the heterogeneity of the subsurface and monitor changes over time are limited.