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Effects of Genotype and Nitrogen Availability on Grain Yield and Quality in Sunflower
Author(s) -
Diovisalvi Natalia,
Calvo Nahuel Reussi,
Izquierdo Natalia,
Echeverría Hernán,
Divito Guillermo A.,
García Fernando
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj2017.08.0435
Subject(s) - sunflower , helianthus annuus , nitrogen , yield (engineering) , genotype , sowing , hybrid , zoology , agronomy , grain yield , sunflower oil , chemistry , anthesis , biology , horticulture , cultivar , food science , biochemistry , materials science , organic chemistry , gene , metallurgy
Core Ideas Positive effect of genotype and N on yield and protein in grains and meal. No effect of genotype and N on concentration of oil in grain. High oleic genotypes showed higher protein concentration of grains and by‐products. Nitrogen increased the protein /oil ratio of the grains. Nitrogen improved the quality of sunflower by‐products.Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) conventional (CONV) and high oleic (HO) genotypes differ in yield and quality. Nitrogen affects grain yield, quality, and by‐products protein concentration. The objective was to evaluate the effect of genotype and N on grain yield, oil (O G ) and protein (P G ) concentration in grain and in by‐products (P M ). The effect of genotype was evaluated in Exp. 1 with 7 CONV and 7 HO hybrids, at two planting dates (PD early and late). The effect of N (Exp. 2) was evaluated in 10 locations (3 with CONV and 7 with HO), under six N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha −1 ). We determined yield, O G , P G and P M . For the early PD of E 1 , yield was higher in HO than CONV genotypes (3822 kg ha −1 vs. 3495 kg ha −1 ). In Exp. 2, N increased yield in 50% of the locations (HO: 586; CONV: 597 kg ha −1 ). In Exp. 1, genotype did not affect O G , but P G was higher in HO than in CONV ones (18.0 vs. 16.8%, respectively). In Exp. 2, N did not affect O G , but increased P G in both types of genotypes. Consequently, P G /O G ratio increased with N rates. The higher P G , was also reflected in higher P M (44.0% HO and 38.8% CONV, respectively). Increases of 2.5% points in P G resulted in increases of 5.6 in P M . Therefore, the application of N would allow obtaining high yields and P G without detrimental effects on O G , improving the quality of grains and by‐products.