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Effects of Thirty‐Seven Years of Stocking and Fertility Regimens on Soil Chemical Properties in Bermudagrass Pastures
Author(s) -
Silveira Maria Lucia,
Rouquette F. M.,
Haby V. A.,
Smith G. R.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj2015.0409
Subject(s) - cynodon dactylon , agronomy , lolium multiflorum , soil fertility , fertilizer , nutrient , forage , lolium rigidum , human fertilization , biology , soil ph , cynodon , soil water , zoology , weed control , ecology , herbicide resistance
Management of bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.] pastures on Coastal Plain soils in the southeastern United States incorporates multiple strategies for N fertilization, liming, and stocking rate (SR). This study documented long‐term changes in soil pH and extractable NO 3 –N K, Ca, and Mg in Coastal and common bermudagrass pastures continuously stocked at different intensities for 37 yr (1969–2004). Soil fertility regimens were established in 1985 and consisted of (i) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer with overseeded annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (NRYG) and (ii) no nitrogen with overseeded clover ( Trifolium spp.) (NoNCLV). Soil samples (0–120‐cm depth) were collected in 1985, 1989, 1994, 1996, and 2004 and analyzed for pH and extractable NO 3 –N, K, Ca, and Mg levels. Fertility regimen showed significant effects on soil NO 3 –N concentration (0–15 cm) with greater values generally observed in the pastures receiving N (average NO 3 –N concentration of ∼ 4 mg kg −1 in NoNCLV vs. 14.15 mg kg −1 in NRYG treatments). Differences in N fertilizer application levels throughout the study period also affected soil NO 3 –N concentration. Conversely, bermudagrass pastures receiving no inorganic N and overseeded with clover showed relatively constant soil NO 3 –N concentrations during the study period. Soil K levels increased (42 to 48%) over time and were generally greater in the NoNCLV pastures. It was concluded that overseeding clover without N fertilization onto bermudagrass pastures can be a viable, long‐term management strategy to sustain adequate soil nutrient levels while achieving satisfactory forage and animal production.