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Genotype × Environment Interactions for Mineral Concentration in Grain of Organically Grown Spring Wheat
Author(s) -
Murphy Kevin M.,
Hoagland Lori A.,
Yan Lin,
Colley Micaela,
Jones Stephen S.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj2011.0097
Subject(s) - cultivar , mineral , agronomy , nutrient , context (archaeology) , grain yield , chemistry , yield (engineering) , poaceae , biology , metallurgy , materials science , paleontology , organic chemistry
Genotype × environment (G×E) interactions for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn concentrations are not well understood, particularly in the context of organic farming systems. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate G×E interactions for mineral nutrient concentration in organically grown wheat; and, (ii) assess whether grain mineral concentration is a broadly or narrowly adapted trait when grown in contrasting environments over time. We evaluated 18 spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars on three organic farms in Washington State for mineral concentration and for grain yield in 2008 and 2009. The G×Year (Y) interactions were found for grain yield and all minerals except Fe, Mn, and P and G×Location (L) interactions were found for grain yield and all minerals except Fe. The G×E (G×L×Y) interactions were found for grain yield and all minerals except for Mn. Grain yield was not consistently correlated with mineral nutrients across years and locations. Among minerals, Mg:P, P:Zn, and Mg:Zn were positively correlated in at least five of six site‐years, suggesting the potential for simultaneous selection of these minerals. Grain mineral concentrations of Cu, Fe, and P showed relatively broad adaptation across years when compared with Ca and Mg concentrations. Fewer cultivars were broadly adapted spatially than temporally for stable levels of mineral concentration. Several cultivars had relatively high concentrations of two or more minerals across locations, indicating the potential for farmer utilization of broadly adapted cultivars and varietal blends that will significantly increase grain mineral concentration.