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Placement of Preplant Liquid Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer and Nitrogen Rate Affects No‐Till Wheat Following Different Summer Crops
Author(s) -
Kelley K. W.,
Sweeney D. W.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj2006.0240
Subject(s) - agronomy , sorghum , loam , sowing , fertilizer , phosphorus , cropping system , nitrogen , field experiment , nutrient , crop rotation , mathematics , crop , soil water , environmental science , chemistry , biology , organic chemistry , soil science
Because of improved equipment technology, many producers in the eastern Great Plains are planting winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) no‐till (NT) into previous crop residues, but management of fertilizer N and P remains critical. This field study was conducted from 1998 through 2003 in southeastern Kansas on a Parsons silt loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Mollic Albaqualf). The objectives were to determine effects and interactions of previous crop [corn, Zea mays L.; grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.); and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.], preplant placement method of liquid N–P fertilizer [subsurface‐knife (KN), surface‐band (SB), and surface‐broadcast (BC)], and fertilizer N rate (22, 45, 90, and 134 kg N ha −1 ) on NT winter wheat yield, yield components, and nutrient uptake in a 2‐yr cropping rotation. Wheat yields averaged 3.73, 3.56, and 2.97 Mg ha −1 following soybean, corn, and grain sorghum, respectively. However, as fertilizer N rate increased, yield differences between previous crops decreased. Grain yields also were influenced by placement of N–P fertilizer, averaging 3.68 Mg ha −1 for KN, 3.40 Mg ha −1 for SB, and 3.19 Mg ha −1 for BC. Plant and grain N responses indicated that grain yield differences were primarily related to greater immobilization of both fertilizer and soil N following grain sorghum, compared with soybean and corn, and to better utilization of KN N–P than surface‐applied. Fertilizing with greater N rates applied as a subsurface band, especially if following grain sorghum, may be necessary to maximize NT wheat yield potential in the eastern Great Plains.