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Nitrogen Fertilization of No‐Till Cotton on Loess‐Derived Soils
Author(s) -
Howard Donald D.,
Gwathmey C.Owen,
Essington Michael E.,
Roberts Roland K.,
Mullen Mike D.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj2001.931157x
Subject(s) - loam , sowing , agronomy , stover , lint , soil water , cover crop , no till farming , ammonium nitrate , environmental science , chemistry , field experiment , biology , soil fertility , soil science , organic chemistry
Information on nitrogen (N) fertilization of no‐till (NT) cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is needed to optimize lint yields and earliness. We evaluated five N rates and three application methods for NT cotton production on Loring silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs) with natural winter annuals as a cover; and on Memphis silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs) having corn ( Zea mays L.) stover as a cover and on Lexington silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Utlic Hapludalfs) having winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) as a cover. Nitrogen rates of 0, 34, 67, 101, and 134 kg ha −1 were either broadcasted as ammonium nitrate (AN) or injected as urea–ammonium nitrate (UAN) at planting. Additional treatments included broadcasting 67 kg N ha −1 as AN at planting with either 34 or 67 kg N ha −1 banded 6 wk later. Relative to no N, broadcasting 67 kg N ha −1 as AN increased 4‐yr average NT lint yields on Loring silt loam from 739 to 1281 kg lint ha −1 and 2‐yr average yields on Lexington silt loam from 1086 to 1535 kg ha −1 . A higher N rate (101 kg N ha −1 ) was needed to increase 2‐yr average yields on Memphis silt loam from 821 to 1169 kg ha −1 . Broadcasting AN was a satisfactory placement method producing yields equal to or higher than injecting UAN or splitting AN for NT cotton produced on these loessial soils despite different covers and residues.