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Nitrogen Placement and Tillage Effects on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Redistribution in Winter Wheat
Author(s) -
Rao Srinivas C.,
Dao Thanh H.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800030001x
Subject(s) - tillage , agronomy , loam , dry matter , plough , nitrogen , anthesis , fertilizer , field experiment , conventional tillage , chemistry , environmental science , soil water , cultivar , biology , soil science , organic chemistry
Nitrogen losses observed with no‐till practices when N fertilizer is surface broadcast prompted the need to reassess N fertilizer management practices for winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Field studies were conducted on Renfrow silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, thermic Udertic Paleustolls) from 1990 through 1993 near El Reno, OK, to determine the effects of N placement and tillage on dry matter accumulation, N uptake, and N redistribution in winter wheat. Tillage methods were moldboard plowing and no‐till with standing stubble. Fertilizer (60 kg ha −1 ) treatments were surface broadcast (BR) the same day as seeding, banded (8 to 10 cm below the soil surface) below the seed row (BL), banded between the rows (BT), and no N (control). Fall and spring above‐ground dry matter and N were greater in plowed than in no‐till treatments when precipitation was similar to or above the 24‐yr average. Leaf N content was 8, 12, and 3% greater in BR, BL, and BT treatments, respectively, than in the control. Nitrogen accumulation rates (g m −2 d −1 ) in heads from anthesis to final harvest were 0.16 for BR, 0.17 for BL, 0.19 for BT, and 0.13 for the control. Final grain yield and grain N content were not affected by N placement in plowed plots. Under no‐till, grain yield was improved by 32% for BL and 15% for BT, and grain N content was increased by 33% for BL and 25% for BT as compared with the BR treatment.