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Soil and Tissue Nitrate Tests Compared for Predicting Soil Nitrogen Availability to Corn
Author(s) -
Fox R. H.,
Roth G. W.,
Iversen K. V.,
Piekielek W. P.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100060025x
Subject(s) - fertilizer , stalk , agronomy , nitrate , environmental science , soil test , nitrogen , manure , soil water , soil horizon , chemistry , soil science , biology , horticulture , organic chemistry
Mounting concern about NO 3 pollution of the nation's ground and surface waters make accurate N‐fertilizer recommendations increasingly important. A study was initiated in 1984 to determine if presidedress soil or corn stalk ( Zea mays L.) NO 3 concentrations could be used to predict soil N availability and the need for sidedress N fertilizer. Nitrate concentration was determined in the surface 30 cm of soil and in the lower 10 cm of corn stalks 22 to 37 d after emergence (corn was in the 5‐ to 6‐leaf stage). Eighty‐seven N‐response experiments were conducted over a 4‐yr period in central and southern Pennsylvania. A number of these sites were on fields that had received high rates of manure in the past. Corn stalk NO 3 concentration was not an accurate predictor of soil N availability nor of the probability that a site would respond to N fertilizer. The NO 3 concentration in the surface 30 cm of soil 4 to 5 wk after emergence was a good indicator of whether a response to sidedress N fertilizer would be attained. The best critical level for separating responsive from nonresponsive sites was 21 mg NO 3 ‐N kg −1 . No sites responded to N fertilizer when the soil NO 3 ‐N concentration was greater than 25 mg kg −1 . Soil NO 3 concentration and soil N‐supplying capability (NSC) at soil NO 3 levels below the critical level were not correlated well enough ( r 2 = 0.34) to use the predicted NSC for adjusting N‐fertilizer recommendations. As a result, the best use of this test in Pennsylvania appears to be in identification of nonresponsive sites rather than predicting N‐fertilizer rates. Use of this test by farmers in Pennsylvania will help minimize the practice of applying “insurance” N when N contributions from manure and legumes in rotations are uncertain.