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Corn Response to S‐Coated and Non‐Coated Superphosphates and Residual Effects 1
Author(s) -
Nicholaides J. J.,
Fiskell J. G. A.,
Martin F. G.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100060030x
Subject(s) - loam , cultivar , randomized block design , zea mays , agronomy , mathematics , pellet , fertilizer , nitrogen , chemistry , zoology , horticulture , soil water , biology , organic chemistry , ecology
Maintaining sufficient available P to crops, including corn ( Zea mays L.), has long been recognized as a limiting feature to maximum production in most soils. Providing the P in a pellet should permit soluble P to saturate the soil with P at the pellet while preserving a portion as reserve in the pellet. To test this hypothesis, pelletized ordinary superphosphate (OSP), concentrated superphosphate uncoated (CSP), or coated with S and sealant (SCSP) were compared in a Rhodic Paleudult (a Red Bay, fine, sandy loam), previously uncultivated. This soil was gibbsitic and gave a maximum P sorption of 2,670 kg/P ha and had, at preplant, 11 kg P/ha extractable by 0.03 N NH 4 F in 0.1 N HC1. The major experiment was a randomized block design with each main plot split for banded and broadcast P placement with the CSP and SCSP compared at 28, 56, 112, and 140 kg P/ha. A secondary experiment compared OSP and SCSP combinations, all broadcast at 84 kg P/ha. The first year, corn cultivar ‘Pioneer 3009B’ was grown. The second year, plots previously receiving broadcast P were refertilized at one‐half the prior P level of CSP and SCSP while plots with banded P received no further P. The third year, no further P was added. The latter 2 years, corn cultivar ‘Pioneer 3369A’ was planted. Greatest increase in corn grain yield was obtained for the first 28 kg P/ha and further response was linear at 200 kg/ha yield for each additional 28 kg/P applied. Yield response was not significantly different either for P sources or for placement. The second year, residual P from that applied the first year gave linear corn grain yield response which was similar to that found when an additional P fertilization was made. The third year, grain yields gave better response to two, rather than one, annual P fertilization. There was no grain yield advantage to blending OSP and SCSP pellets either in the first or third year. Soil test values and ear leaf P values showed linear responses to rates of applied P.