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Differential Tolerances of Triticale, Wheat, Rye, and Barley to Aluminum in Nutrient Solution 1
Author(s) -
Mugwira L. M.,
Elgawhary S. M.,
Patel K. I.
Publication year - 1976
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800050024x
Subject(s) - triticale , secale , agronomy , cultivar , hordeum vulgare , dry matter , nutrient , shoot , poaceae , biology , chemistry , ecology
Aluminum toxicity to cereals is an important consideration when adapting a new crop to the acid soils of the Southeast. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative tolerances of different cultivars of triticale (X Triticosecale) a new crop, wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), rye ( Secale cereale L.), and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) to Al in nutrient solution with a pH of 4.8 at the time of transplanting. Plant induced pH change in the nutrient solution and dry matter produced were used as criteria for evaluating Al tolerance. Triticale resembled the other three species in increasing the pH of the solution during growth when no Al was added to the nutrient solution. When 6 ppm Al was added, triticale ‘6TA 131’ and ‘6TA 298,’ Al‐tolerant ‘Thorne’ and ‘Seneca’ wheats, and ‘Vitagraze’ rye increased the nutrient solution pH to values higher than 5.0. However, triticales ‘6TA 385,’ ‘6TA 203,’ and 6TA 522,’ the different barley cultivars, and ‘Abruzzi’ rye either decreased or had no effect on solution pH. ‘Atlas 66’ wheat induced significantly higher pH at 6 ppm Al added to the medium than all the other cultivars tested. The addition of 6 ppm Al to the nutrient solution reduced the shoot growth of the different cultivars generally in a similar manner. However, reductions in root dry matter by Al indicated that, on the average, Al tolerances were: Al‐tolerant wheat and rye > triticale and Al‐tolerant barley > Al‐sensitive barley and Al‐sensitive wheat. The pH changes induced by the plants in the solution with 6 ppm Al generally confirmed the same order of tolerance as obtained from reductions in root dry matter. Increasing Al in solution significantly increased Al but decreased Ca and P in triticale, wheat, and rye. Aluminum‐sensitive wheat contained higher Al in roots than Al‐tolerant wheat. The roots of triticale and rye cultivars significantly differed in Al concentration.