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Overcoming the Antagonistic Effect from Spray Carrier Minerals on Imazethapyr Activity
Author(s) -
Aliverdi A.,
Ganbari A.,
Rashed-Mohassel M.H.,
Nassiri-Mahallati M.,
Zand E.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
agronomy journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1435-0645
pISSN - 0002-1962
DOI - 10.2134/agronj13.0514
Subject(s) - chemistry , distilled water , antagonism , nuclear chemistry , datura stramonium , softening , chromatography , biochemistry , botany , materials science , receptor , biology , composite material
Minerals in spray carrier water can adversely influence the activity of weak acid herbicides, thus overcoming them has been considered a main research priority. A series of dose–response pot experiments were conducted to compare the water softening chemical methods [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , C 6 H 8 O 7 , and KHPO 4 ] and a new water softening physical method (passing through a magnetic field of 0.7 T) for overcoming antagonism from the carriers containing 0.5 g L −1 of CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , or Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 on imazethapyr (2‐[4,5‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)‐5‐oxo‐1 H ‐imidazol‐2‐yl]‐5‐ethyl‐3‐pyridinecarboxylic acid) activity on jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium L.). The imazethapyr activity was significantly increased by all methods when distilled water was used as the carrier. The (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (relative potency [RP] = 3.52) was the most effective method, followed by C 6 H 8 O 7 and NH 4 NO 3 (RP = 2.58), a magnetized carrier (RP = 1.83), and then KHPO 4 (RP = 1.48) to improve imazethapyr activity. The imazethapyr activity was clearly antagonized when carbonate salts were added to distilled water. The intensity of the antagonistic effects depended on the cation's valence and ranked as Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 (RP = 0.47) > MgCO 3 (RP = 0.52) = CaCO 3 (RP = 0.53) > K 2 CO 3 (RP = 0.69) = Na 2 CO 3 (RP = 0.66). The application of a magnetized carrier was not as effective a method for overcoming this antagonism as the addition of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or C 6 H 8 O 7 , but it was more effective than the addition of NH 4 NO 3 or KHPO 4 . Nonetheless, from different points of view—agronomic, environmental, and economic—applying a magnetized carrier is recommended as a technique because it not only needs no chemical but it also causes no side effects.