Anesthesiological Possibilities of Intraoperative Bleeding Control During Endoscopic Rhinosinusurgical Interventions

The safety and effectiveness of endoscopic rhinological operations in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses, are largely achieved by reducing bleeding in the area of the surgical field. Even a small amount of blood can disrupt the view during endoscopy and prevent the intervention from being performed, thereby increasing the risk of complications. The review presents modern methods of reducing the risk of intraoperative bleeding under general anesthesia. Each approach has its own characteristics, therefore, the benefit-risk ratio should be assessed for each patient before choosing a specific method for controlling intraoperative bleeding.