Open AccessCurrent evidence and challenges of systematic therapies for adult recurrent glioblastoma: Results from clinical trials
Author(s) -
Wenlin Chen,
Delin Liu,
Penghao Liu,
Ziren Kong,
Yaning Wang,
Yu Wang,
Wenbin Ma
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chinese journal of cancer research/chinese journal of cancer research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1993-0631
pISSN - 1000-9604
DOI - 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.03.12
Subject(s) - temozolomide , medicine , bevacizumab , regorafenib , clinical trial , oncology , isocitrate dehydrogenase , chemotherapy , cancer , colorectal cancer , biology , biochemistry , enzyme
Recurrence is a major concern for adult patients with glioblastomas (GBMs), and the prognosis remains poor. Although several therapies have been assessed, most of them have not achieved satisfactory results. Therefore, there is currently no standard treatment for adult recurrent GBM (rGBM). Here, we review the results of clinical trials for the systematic therapy of rGBM. Regorafenib, rindopepimut and neoadjuvant programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors are promising agents for rGBM, while regorafenib is effective in both O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) promoter methylated and unmethylated patients. Temozolomide rechallenge and alkylating agents combined with bevacizumab can be useful for patients with MGMT methylation, and patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH ) mutations or second recurrence can benefit from vocimagene amiretrorepvec (Toca 511). Some phase I trials on targeted therapy and immunotherapy have shown positive results, and results from further studies are expected. In addition to the analysis of existing clinical trial results, forthcoming trials should be well designed, and patients are encouraged to participate in appropriate clinical trials.