PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN AIR PADA TIGA AKSESI SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees )TERHADAP MUTU DAN PRODUKSI SIMPLISIA

ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian air terhadap tiga aksesi sambiloto untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu simplisia. Dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balittro (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik), Bogor, dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2006. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah petak terbagi, dengan ulangan tiga kali. Petak utama adalah aksesi sambiloto (3 nomor) yaitu Cmg-1, Cmg 2, dan Blali-1, anak petak adalah pemberian air (5 perlakuan) yaitu 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7 mm/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara aksesi sambiloto dan tingkat pemberian air terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang dan luas daun), kecuali pada produksi berat segar 2 bulan setelah tanam (BST) dan produksi berat kering pada 4 BST. Perlakuan Cmg-2 dikombinasi dengan pemberian air 5 mm/hari menghasilkan berat segar dan kering tertinggi. Perlakuan pemberian air 3-7 mm/hari/tanaman dapat menghasilkan produksi dan mutu simplisia yang dapat memenuhi standar Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI) berdasar kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar sarinya. Dengan demikian kebutuhan air sambiloto setara dengan palawija atau sayur-sayuran. Mutu Blali-1 dan pada perlakuan pemberian air 3 mm/hari menunjukkan kadar sari larut alkohol tertinggi (22,28%) dan Cmg-2 pada perlakuan pemberian air 4 mm/hari menunjukkan kadar sari larut air paling tinggi (28,14%) dan kadar andrografolid simplisia 1,78%. Kata kunci : Sambiloto,  Andrographis  paniculata  Nees,  tingkat pemberian air, produksi, mutu simplisia ABSTRACT The effects of water treatment on some numbers of accessions on the quality and production of the symplicia of sambiloto, the king of bitter (Andrographis paniculata Nees ) The experiment was carried out to study the effect of water treatment three accession of sambiloto, the king of bitter, to increase its productivity and symplicia. The experiment was conducted in the green house of the Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute (IMACRI), Bogor, from June to December 2006. The experiment arranged in split plot design with three replications, The main factor was three accession number of sambiloto i.e. Cmg-1, Cmg-2, and Blali-1, whereas the sub factor was water treatments i.e. 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm/day. The results showed that there was no interaction between the numbers of accessions and water treatment on the plant growth except for fresh weight production at 2 Month After Planting (MAP) and dry weight production at 4 MAP. Cmg-2 treatment combined with water treatment (5 mm/day) produced the highest fresh and dry weight. Water treatment of 3 - 7 mm/day produce the yield and quality that meet standard of the Materia Medika Indonesia (the material medical of Indonesia) based on the water, ash, and gist contents. Therefore, water necessity of sambiloto is evenly balanced with secondary crops or vegetables. The quality of Blali-1 on the water treatment of 3 mm/day indicated the highest dissolved gist of alcohol (22.28%) meanwhile the Cmg-2 on the water treatment of 4 mm/day showed the highest dissolved gist of water (28.14%) and andrographolid content of symplicia is 1.78%. Key words : King of bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, water treatment, yield, quality of symplicia