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FENOLOGI PEMBUNGAAN DAN KELIMPAHAN POPULASI KEPIK Diconocoris hewetti (DIST.) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) PADA PERTANAMAN LADA
Author(s) -
I Wayan Laba,
Aunu Rauf,
Utomo Kartosuwondo,
M. Soehardjan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
jurnal penelitian tanaman industri (industrial crops research journal)/jurnal penelitian tanaman industri
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2528-6870
pISSN - 0853-8212
DOI - 10.21082/jlittri.v14n2.2008.43-53
Subject(s) - physics , horticulture , zoology , biology
ABSTRAK Kepik renda lada (KRL), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) adalah salah satu hama pada pertanaman lada di Indonesia. Hama ini selalu hadir pada perbungaan lada dan bulir bunga lada dengan jalan mengisap cairan bunga sebelum menjadi buah. Serangan nimfa dan imago pada bunga dan bulir bunga akan mengakibatkan perubahan warna bunga dari hijau kekuningan menjadi cokelat atau hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenologi pembungaan, kelimpahan populasi KRL, dan tingkat kerusakan bunga pada pertanaman lada. Kelimpahan dan fenologi pembungaan lada menentukan kelimpahan populasi KRL. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun petani, di Desa Air Anyir, Kecamatan Merawang, Kabupaten Bangka Induk, dari Mei 2003 sampai dengan Mei 2004, dan di Desa Puput, Kecamatan Simpang Katis Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, dari Oktober 2003 sampai dengan Mei 2004. Luas lahan percobaan masing-masing sekitar 5000 m 2 yang sudah ditanami lada varietas Chunuk di Air Anyir dan varietas Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL) di Puput. Umur tanaman masing-masing sekitar 5 tahun. Jumlah pohon contoh di setiap lokasi 24 pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggu dengan cara menghitung langsung KRL yang ada pada bulir bunga, serta banyaknya bunga yang terserang. Pada percobaan lainnya dilakukan pengamatan terhadap perkembangan bulir bunga serta tingkat keguguran fisiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pembungaan lada varietas Chunuk dan LDL mengikuti pola curah hujan. Rataan banyaknya bulir bunga berkisar antara 2,63-120,59 tandan per pohon pada varietas Chunuk, sedangkan pada varietas LDL antara 4,79-153,84 tandan per pohon. Masa perkembangan bulir bunga fase-1 berlangsung 16,6 hari, fase-2 berlangsung 7,6 hari, dan fase-3 berlangsung 6,4 hari. Tidak semua bulir bunga dan buah muda berhasil menjadi buah siap dipanen (23,14% pada Chunuk mengalami keguguran fisiologis). Keguguran paling banyak terjadi pada bulir bunga yang berumur 4-5 minggu (17,62%). Rataan kelimpahan kepik renda lebih tinggi (0,042-1,375 ekor/pohon) pada varietas LDL dibandingkan pada varietas Chunuk (0,042-0,333 ekor/pohon), terutama selama periode November hingga April. Perkembangan populasi kepik renda pada varietas LDL meningkat (1,375 ekor/pohon) selama bulan November hingga Februari, berhubungan dengan banyaknya bulir bunga yang tersedia pada periode tersebut. Berdasarkan nisbah ragam terhadap rataan (s 2 /m), populasi kepik D. hewetti umumnya memperlihatkan pola sebaran acak, sedangkan pada saat populasi tinggi (1,375 ekor/pohon) memperlihatkan pola sebaran bergerombol. Persentase bulir bunga terserang pada varietas Chunuk berkisar antara 0,06-3,85%, sedangkan pada varietas LDL berkisar antara 0,34-17,72%. Terdapat hubungan linear varietas Chunuk dan LDL (r = 0,87 dan 0,78) yang nyata antara kelimpahan populasi D. hewetti dan kerusakan bunga. Varietas LDL lebih rentan dibandingkan dengan varietas Chunuk. Pengendalian KRL dapat dilakukan pada awal pembentukan bunga yaitu sejak November. Kata kunci: Lada, Piper nigrum L., hama, kepik renda lada, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.), kerusakan bunga, kelimpahan populasi, Bangka Belitung ABSTRACT Flowering phenology and population abundance of pepper lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on pepper plantation Pepper lace bug (PLB), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera : Tingidae) is one of the insect pests attacking pepper in Indonesia. This insect pest always presents and causes damage to the spikes of pepper inflorescence. The research was conducted to study the flowering phenology of Chunuk and LDL varieties and population abundance of PLB on pepper plantation. The abundance and inflorescence phenology of pepper determined PLB abundance. The research was conducted in farmer fields in Air Anyir Village, Sub District of Merawang from May 2003 to May 2004 and Puput Village, Sub District of Simpang Katis, Bangka Islands, from October 2003 to May 2004. The acreage of the experiment was about 5000 m 2 for each location with 5 years old of Chunuk and LDL varieties in Air Anyir and Puput, respectively. Number of plant samples were 24 plants for each location. Observation were done every week, for the population of PLB, the spike and flower damage. Another experiment was done to study the develop-ment stage of inflorescence and floral loss physiology. The result indicated that flowering phenology of Chunuk and LDL varieties followed the rainfall pattern. The mean number of spike on Chunuk variety varied between 2.63 – 120.59, while that on LDL variety were 4.79 – 153.84 spikes per tree. The developments period of spikes were 16.6; 7.6 and 6.4 days for stages 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Not all the spikes became young berries and could be harvested, since there were 23.14% inflorescence of the Chunuk variety floral loss naturally. Floral loss occurred mostly when the spikes were 4-5 weeks old (17.62%). The mean number of lace bug density was higher on LDL(0.042-1.375 bug/tree) than on Chunuk (0.042-0.333 bugs/tree), especially during November until April. D. hewetti population increased during November- February (1.375 bugs/tree), and it was related to the increase in spikes during that time. Based on variance-mean ratio (S 2 /m), D. hewetti population generally showed a random distribution, but a clumped distribution when population density increased (1.375 bugs/tree). The percentage of inflorescence damage was between 0.06-3.85% on Chunuk, while on LDL was 0.34-17.2%. There is a linear correlation between PLB and spike damage (r = 0.87 and 0.78 on Chunuk and LDL respectively). LDL variety was more susceptible than Chunuk variety. The study implies that controlling PLB has to be done on the beginning of inflorescence in November. Key words: Pepper, Piper nigrum L., insect pest, pepper lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.), spike damage, population abundance, Bangka Belitung

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